Vitamin d and hypertension an update and review Munderoo

Vitamin D status and hypertension a review Hypertension Review by Vitamin D Council April 2014. Hypertension Review at Vitamin D Council April 2014. Worldwide, about 4 out of 10 people have hypertension. In the United States, 1 out of every 3 adults has hypertension Recent research: For each 10 ng/ml more vitamin D, …

Vitamin D and blood pressure connection update on

Vitamin D and the Prevention of Hypertension and. Natural Remedy for High Blood Pressure: Vitamin D Many observational studies have already shown definite links between low vitamin D and hypertension but didn’t prove that vitamin D deficiency actually caused the disease., 06/05/2016 · This Review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Pilz and colleagues provide an ….

01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism. 22/06/2018 · Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, has wide-ranging roles in the regulation of many physiological processes through their interactions with the vitamin D receptors (VDR). It plays a major role in bones and calcium metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon and it has been associated with many health-related issues, including skeletal and non-skeletal complications. The association of

20/12/2019 · This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the risk of fracture associated with differences in concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in observational studies and the effects of supplementation with vitamin D alone or in combination with … If vitamin D supplementation lowers blood pressure, its widespread use could have major public health benefits. In this review, we summarize the existing literature dealing with the vitamin D-hypertension link, including mechanistic studies, observational data, and clinical trials; …

08/11/2019 · Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression. 16/03/2015 · By Randy Dotinga. HealthDay Reporter. MONDAY, March 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D may help the body in many ways, but a new data …

23/02/2017 · The effect of calcium or vitamin D supplement on blood pressure (BP) has been explored in previous meta-analyses, but the results are conflicting. The combined efficacy of … 08/11/2019 · Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression.

Vitamin D is best known for its influence on skeletal health. There is growing recognition, however, that vitamin D has nonskeletal actions, which could have important implications for understanding the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. In epidemiologic studies, vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension 01/05/2015 · Levels of vitamin D supplementation required to reach such levels vary widely depending on age, sex, obesity, and baseline 25OHD levels; doses ranging from 1600 to more than 5000 IU/d have been advocated as necessary. 66,67 Most doses studied in this review were at or below the lower end of this range, and several studies used intermittent

Mar. 17, 2017 — Giving vitamin D supplements to mice during pregnancy prevents autism traits in their offspring, researchers have discovered. The discovery provides further evidence of the Effect of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the General Population: An Update Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW — Volume 17 — January 9, 2020 Related Pages. PEER REVIEWED. Figure 1.

01/05/2015 · Levels of vitamin D supplementation required to reach such levels vary widely depending on age, sex, obesity, and baseline 25OHD levels; doses ranging from 1600 to more than 5000 IU/d have been advocated as necessary. 66,67 Most doses studied in this review were at or below the lower end of this range, and several studies used intermittent Learn more about Vitamin D uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Vitamin D

01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism. 20/02/2015 · This review summarises evidence for an association between vitamin D status and CVD and the mechanisms involved. Vitamin D 3 is predominantly provided by the action of UVB from sunlight on skin. Average UK diets supply 2–3 μg/d vitamin D but diets containing at least one portion of oily fish per week supply about 7 μg/d.

06/05/2016 · This Review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Pilz and colleagues provide an … 06/05/2016 · This Review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Pilz and colleagues provide an …

Learn more about Vitamin D uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Vitamin D 09/10/2013 · The overarching aim of the present paper is to review the current evidence-base to support a link between low vitamin D status and CVD risk. The review initially briefly overviews how mechanistically vitamin D may play a role in CVD and then reviews the current available evidence-base to support a link between low vitamin D status and CVD risk

Vitamin D and the Prevention of Hypertension and

Can Vitamin D Supplements Help With Hypertension. 23/02/2017 · The effect of calcium or vitamin D supplement on blood pressure (BP) has been explored in previous meta-analyses, but the results are conflicting. The combined efficacy of …, 23/02/2017 · The effect of calcium or vitamin D supplement on blood pressure (BP) has been explored in previous meta-analyses, but the results are conflicting. The combined efficacy of ….

Natural Remedy for High Blood Pressure Vitamin D. vitamin D levels measured as 25OHD in blood, and the out-come was hypertension or SBP and DBP. Dietary vitamin D was not included in this systematic review. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the data extraction. We restricted this meta-analysis (Tables 1–4 and Figures 2A and 3A) to studies which recruited healthy adult, 01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism..

Vitamin D 'ineffective as treatment for hypertension'

Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease prevention Nature. 23/02/2017 · The effect of calcium or vitamin D supplement on blood pressure (BP) has been explored in previous meta-analyses, but the results are conflicting. The combined efficacy of … https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertenzija Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review Liang Ke,1 Rebecca S Mason,2 Maina Kariuki,3 Elias Mpofu,1 Kaye E Brock2 1Faculty of Health Sciences, 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, 3Biostatistical Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia Abstract: Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone synthesized in the skin following ultraviolet exposure and also achieved.

31/12/2019 · Find Vitamin D Latest News, Videos & Pictures on Vitamin D and see latest updates, news, information from NDTV.COM. Explore more on Vitamin D. Effect of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the General Population: An Update Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW — Volume 17 — January 9, 2020 Related Pages. PEER REVIEWED. Figure 1.

A new study has concluded that vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in lowering blood pressure and should not be used as an antihypertensive agent. Vitamin D status and hypertension: A review Article · Literature Review (PDF Available) in Integrated Blood Pressure Control 8(default):13-35 · April 2015 with 91 Reads How we measure 'reads'

A literature review of studies from 1988 to 2013 found contradictory results regarding vitamin D deficiency and concurrent elevated blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic), as well as the impact on blood pressure with restoration of vitamin D levels. The findings were limited by several factors, including differences in study design 23/02/2017 · The effect of calcium or vitamin D supplement on blood pressure (BP) has been explored in previous meta-analyses, but the results are conflicting. The combined efficacy of …

01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism. 08/04/2015 · The active hormone of vitamin D, 1,25D, has been shown to decrease the expression of the renin gene through a vitamin D receptor-dependent mechanism, thus decreasing both renin and angiotensin II concentrations.89,90 This mechanism results in hypertension in mice, in which the capacity to produce 1,25D is knocked out,90 or in mice that lack the

Mar. 17, 2017 — Giving vitamin D supplements to mice during pregnancy prevents autism traits in their offspring, researchers have discovered. The discovery provides further evidence of the Purpose of reviewVitamin D deficiency and hypertension are highly prevalent. This review will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and blood pressure.Recent findingsDuring the past several years multiple prospective cohorts and randomized studies have been published. Recent studies h

Joint Association of Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status With Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Adriana J. van Ballegooijen, Aivaras Cepelis, Marjolein Visser Learn more about Vitamin D uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension are highly prevalent. This review will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and blood pressure. Expression of the vitamin D receptor and of enzymes for vitamin D metabolism has been identified throughout the cardiovascular system. Experimental studies showed various beneficial effects of vitamin D on heart and vessels, but vitamin D intoxication in animals can …

Joint Association of Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status With Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Adriana J. van Ballegooijen, Aivaras Cepelis, Marjolein Visser Concerning the cohort prospective studies, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension is reported in some cases. The interventional studies about the association between vitamin D and hypertension are not many and the results are different or contradictory. Controversial results might be due to differences in dose of

A literature review of studies from 1988 to 2013 found contradictory results regarding vitamin D deficiency and concurrent elevated blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic), as well as the impact on blood pressure with restoration of vitamin D levels. The findings were limited by several factors, including differences in study design Vitamin D is best known for its influence on skeletal health. There is growing recognition, however, that vitamin D has nonskeletal actions, which could have important implications for understanding the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. In epidemiologic studies, vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension

01/05/2008 · Although the findings of recent epidemiologic studies and some earlier clinical trials support a role of vitamin D status in blood pressure regulation, it is also important that a plausible biological mechanism exist by which differences in vitamin D status could affect blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The effect of vitamin D status 16/03/2015 · By Randy Dotinga. HealthDay Reporter. MONDAY, March 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D may help the body in many ways, but a new data …

Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension are highly prevalent. This review will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and blood pressure. 08/11/2019 · Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression.

Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases

Une carence en vitamine D peut causer une. 01/03/2011 · Vitamin D has long been known for its central role in bone mineralization and maintenance of calcium homeostasis, via regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion (). 1,2 More recently, evidence has accumulated that an adequate vitamin D status is also important for many other health conditions, including cardiovascular health. 3,4 Vitamin D deficiency may predispose to hypertension …, Objectives. To update a previous meta-analysis on the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation (alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals) during pregnancy on maternal 25(OH)D levels and risk of developing pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, impaired glucose tolerance, caesarean section, gestational hypertension and other adverse conditions..

Une carence en vitamine D peut causer une

Essential hypertension Emerging treatments BMJ Best. Background: In 2009, the Institute of Medicine/Food and Nutrition Board constituted a Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee to undertake a review of the evidence that had emerged (since the 1997 DRI report) on the relationship of vitamin D and calcium, both individually and combined, to a wide range of health outcomes, and potential revision of the DRI values for these nutrients., vitamin D levels measured as 25OHD in blood, and the out-come was hypertension or SBP and DBP. Dietary vitamin D was not included in this systematic review. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the data extraction. We restricted this meta-analysis (Tables 1–4 and Figures 2A and 3A) to studies which recruited healthy adult.

20/02/2015 · This review summarises evidence for an association between vitamin D status and CVD and the mechanisms involved. Vitamin D 3 is predominantly provided by the action of UVB from sunlight on skin. Average UK diets supply 2–3 μg/d vitamin D but diets containing at least one portion of oily fish per week supply about 7 μg/d. Learn more about Vitamin D uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Vitamin D

Hypertension Review by Vitamin D Council April 2014. Hypertension Review at Vitamin D Council April 2014. Worldwide, about 4 out of 10 people have hypertension. In the United States, 1 out of every 3 adults has hypertension Recent research: For each 10 ng/ml more vitamin D, … RAAS Working Group Update 125 Vitamin D review Dominik N Müller1,2, Markus Kleinewietfeld3 and Heda Kvakan2,4 1 Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany

Background: In 2009, the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature on vitamin D and calcium intakes as related to status indicators and health outcomes. The purpose of this report was to guide the nutrition recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). 06/05/2016 · This Review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Pilz and colleagues provide an …

Vitamin D supplementation. Data from cross-sectional studies report that low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are associated with higher systolic blood pressure and higher incidence of hypertension. Tamez H, Thadhani RI. Vitamin D and hypertension: an update and review. Effect of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the General Population: An Update Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials

01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism. Joint Association of Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status With Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Adriana J. van Ballegooijen, Aivaras Cepelis, Marjolein Visser

Hypertension Review by Vitamin D Council April 2014. Hypertension Review at Vitamin D Council April 2014. Worldwide, about 4 out of 10 people have hypertension. In the United States, 1 out of every 3 adults has hypertension Recent research: For each 10 ng/ml more vitamin D, … 31/12/2019 · Find Vitamin D Latest News, Videos & Pictures on Vitamin D and see latest updates, news, information from NDTV.COM. Explore more on Vitamin D.

01/05/2008 · Although the findings of recent epidemiologic studies and some earlier clinical trials support a role of vitamin D status in blood pressure regulation, it is also important that a plausible biological mechanism exist by which differences in vitamin D status could affect blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The effect of vitamin D status 16/03/2015 · By Randy Dotinga. HealthDay Reporter. MONDAY, March 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D may help the body in many ways, but a new data …

01/05/2008 · Although the findings of recent epidemiologic studies and some earlier clinical trials support a role of vitamin D status in blood pressure regulation, it is also important that a plausible biological mechanism exist by which differences in vitamin D status could affect blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The effect of vitamin D status Vitamin D supplementation. Data from cross-sectional studies report that low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are associated with higher systolic blood pressure and higher incidence of hypertension. Tamez H, Thadhani RI. Vitamin D and hypertension: an update and review.

Essential hypertension (EH) results when the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation is shifted in favor of vasoconstriction. This balance is controlled by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors. When there is an unstable balance, vitamin D deficiency as an epigenetic factor triggers a shift to the side of vasoconstriction Natural Remedy for High Blood Pressure: Vitamin D Many observational studies have already shown definite links between low vitamin D and hypertension but didn’t prove that vitamin D deficiency actually caused the disease.

01/05/2011 · Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. After conducting a meta-analysis and review of the impact of vitamin D and calcium on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, Pittas et al. 50 concluded that insufficient vitamin D and calcium appears to hinder glycemic control and that supplementing both nutrients may be necessary to optimize glucose metabolism. 31/12/2019 · Find Vitamin D Latest News, Videos & Pictures on Vitamin D and see latest updates, news, information from NDTV.COM. Explore more on Vitamin D.

Vitamin D deficiency linked to high blood pressure NHS. Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review Liang Ke,1 Rebecca S Mason,2 Maina Kariuki,3 Elias Mpofu,1 Kaye E Brock2 1Faculty of Health Sciences, 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, 3Biostatistical Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia Abstract: Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone synthesized in the skin following ultraviolet exposure and also achieved, Vitamin D deficiency might be connected to heart disease and a greater risk of hypertension (hypertension). However, more research is needed. It’s prematurely to state whether insufficient vitamin D causes hypertension– or whether vitamin D supplements may have any ….

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure A

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease Annual Review of. High blood pressure is very prevalent worldwide, as well as vitamin D deficiency. There are several observation data that support the concept that vitamin D is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. Also some clinical date demonstrate positive effect of vitamin D therapy on hypertension. In this review epidemiological date will be presented, 01/05/2015 · Levels of vitamin D supplementation required to reach such levels vary widely depending on age, sex, obesity, and baseline 25OHD levels; doses ranging from 1600 to more than 5000 IU/d have been advocated as necessary. 66,67 Most doses studied in this review were at or below the lower end of this range, and several studies used intermittent.

Vitamin D and hypertension an update and review Current

Vitamin D status and hypertension a review. High blood pressure is very prevalent worldwide, as well as vitamin D deficiency. There are several observation data that support the concept that vitamin D is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. Also some clinical date demonstrate positive effect of vitamin D therapy on hypertension. In this review epidemiological date will be presented https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_D Vitamin D status and hypertension: A review Article · Literature Review (PDF Available) in Integrated Blood Pressure Control 8(default):13-35 · April 2015 with 91 Reads How we measure 'reads'.

Effect of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the General Population: An Update Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW — Volume 17 — January 9, 2020 Related Pages. PEER REVIEWED. Figure 1. vitamin D levels measured as 25OHD in blood, and the out-come was hypertension or SBP and DBP. Dietary vitamin D was not included in this systematic review. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the data extraction. We restricted this meta-analysis (Tables 1–4 and Figures 2A and 3A) to studies which recruited healthy adult

07/08/2019 · Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults . Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis. Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation [1,3,4]. Background: In 2009, the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature on vitamin D and calcium intakes as related to status indicators and health outcomes. The purpose of this report was to guide the nutrition recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

Expression of the vitamin D receptor and of enzymes for vitamin D metabolism has been identified throughout the cardiovascular system. Experimental studies showed various beneficial effects of vitamin D on heart and vessels, but vitamin D intoxication in animals can … A new study has concluded that vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in lowering blood pressure and should not be used as an antihypertensive agent.

Effect of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the General Population: An Update Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials 08/11/2019 · Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression.

Joint Association of Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status With Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Adriana J. van Ballegooijen, Aivaras Cepelis, Marjolein Visser vitamin D levels measured as 25OHD in blood, and the out-come was hypertension or SBP and DBP. Dietary vitamin D was not included in this systematic review. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the data extraction. We restricted this meta-analysis (Tables 1–4 and Figures 2A and 3A) to studies which recruited healthy adult

Vitamin D status and hypertension: A review Article · Literature Review (PDF Available) in Integrated Blood Pressure Control 8(default):13-35 · April 2015 with 91 Reads How we measure 'reads' 07/08/2019 · Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults . Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis. Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation [1,3,4].

22/06/2018 · Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, has wide-ranging roles in the regulation of many physiological processes through their interactions with the vitamin D receptors (VDR). It plays a major role in bones and calcium metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon and it has been associated with many health-related issues, including skeletal and non-skeletal complications. The association of High blood pressure is very prevalent worldwide, as well as vitamin D deficiency. There are several observation data that support the concept that vitamin D is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. Also some clinical date demonstrate positive effect of vitamin D therapy on hypertension. In this review epidemiological date will be presented

Trop peu de vitamine D accroît le risque d’hypertension. Une étude, parue ce 26 juin dans The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, prouve une relation causale entre une carence en vitamine D et High blood pressure is very prevalent worldwide, as well as vitamin D deficiency. There are several observation data that support the concept that vitamin D is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. Also some clinical date demonstrate positive effect of vitamin D therapy on hypertension. In this review epidemiological date will be presented

06/05/2016 · This Review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Pilz and colleagues provide an … 08/11/2019 · Emerging research supports the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune diseases, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression.

07/08/2019 · Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults . Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis. Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation [1,3,4]. Learn more about Vitamin D uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency might be connected to heart disease and a greater risk of hypertension (hypertension). However, more research is needed. It’s prematurely to state whether insufficient vitamin D causes hypertension– or whether vitamin D supplements may have any … 01/05/2008 · Although the findings of recent epidemiologic studies and some earlier clinical trials support a role of vitamin D status in blood pressure regulation, it is also important that a plausible biological mechanism exist by which differences in vitamin D status could affect blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The effect of vitamin D status